Which word translates to "effort" in German?

The term "Anstrengung" or "Mühe" translates directly to "effort" in German. This translation reflects the idea of exertion and the endeavor required to achieve something. In German, both words can convey the sense of physical or mental effort needed to complete a task or overcome a challenge, which aligns perfectly with the English word "effort."

Other options do not convey the same meaning. "Engagement" typically refers to involvement or commitment, "Vorbereitung" translates to "preparation," and "Leistung" means "performance" or "achievement," which reflects outcomes rather than the exertion put forth to reach those outcomes. Hence, "Anstrengung / Mühe" is the most accurate translation for "effort."