What is the meaning of "academic year"?

The term "academic year" refers to the period used for school-based activities, encompassing the time when schools are in session for classes, including instruction and learning. This period typically includes the start of classes in the fall and runs through the spring or possibly summer, depending on the institution's schedule. It is structured to facilitate educational activities such as lectures, assignments, and examinations.

The other options do not accurately represent the concept of an academic year. While summer breaks may occur as part of the educational calendar, they do not define the academic year. Similarly, sporting events may take place during the academic year, but they are not the primary focus of what constitutes it. The duration of exams is also just a part of the academic year rather than the whole concept. Therefore, the correct interpretation revolves around the broad array of school-based activities that define an academic year.