What does the phrase 'to rub off' mean?

The phrase "to rub off" can mean to influence or transfer characteristics, traits, or qualities from one person or thing to another. This idiom often suggests that someone's behavior, habits, or attitudes can be adopted or absorbed by another person through close contact or interaction. For example, if someone is very diligent at work, their work ethic might "rub off" on their colleagues, meaning they might adopt similar diligence as a result of their influence.

The other choices do not encapsulate the essence of the idiom. While "to create a difference" suggests a contradiction rather than influence, "to remove completely" and "to polish or shine" imply physical actions rather than the metaphorical transfer of traits or behaviors. Hence, "to influence or transfer" captures the intended meaning of "to rub off" accurately.